Process of making cement compounds.



Examine:

106. COMPOSITIONS, r COATING OR PLASTIC cmss RQMWCB PATENTED DEC. 4, 1906.

H. M. PERRY. PROCESS OF MAKING CEMENT COMPOUNDS.

APPLICATION FILED JAN.5, 1906.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

H, Nua- 106. COMPOSITIONS,

Examiner comma OR PLASTIC @7083 fiefwence No. 837,717. PATENTED DEC. 4, 1906. H. M. PERRY.

PROCESS OF MAKING CEMENT COMPOUNDS.

APPLICATION FILED JANE, 1906.

SSBEETS-SHEET 2.

1 I 5 7 5 I I v r 5 p we. r g s I Cross Reference v Examiner No. 837,717. PATENTED DEC. 4, 1906.

H. M. PERRY.

PROCESS OF MAKING CBMENTCOMPOUNDS.

APPLICATION rmm n.5, 190s.

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Witness lizuenlor,

mew s awmu/ wt W X a UNITED STATES ATENT OFFICE.

HUBERT M. PERRY, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR TO E. J. WINSLOW COMPANY, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION OF ILLINOIS.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HUBERT M. PERRY, a citizen of the United States, residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have-invented a certain new and useful Process of Making Cement Compounds, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to an im roved process of making cement compoun s, and more particularly relates to a process for making a compound from hydraulic cement and fiber possessing some of the characteristics of stone and some of the characteristics of wood.

The salient object of the invention is to provide a simple method or process whereb a compound which is fireproof, waterproo and very tough and hard may be made at a comparatively low cost.

Other objects of the invention are to provide a process which may be carried out continuously; to provide a process the various steps of which are under very perfect control, enabling the proportions of the ingredients to be modified at will and, if desired, without interrupting the process; to provide a process.

which is equally available for roducing the material in the form of slabs, a'fs',plain or corrugated sheets, and analogous forms, and in general to provide an improved process of the character described.

To the above ends the invention consists in the matters hereinafter described, and more particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

In carrying out the present invention suitable proportions of dry ulverulent hydraulic cement and a suitab e fiber, such as asbestos, which has been shredded, are intimately mixed, the mixture thereafter uniformly moistened to a limited extent and onl sufficient to insure cohesion of the mass un er high pressure, and the mass finally molded into the form desired in a suitable molding apparatus, in which the material is subjected to a succession of compressions.

I have discovered that by bringing the two materials '5. e. the asbestos and the pulverized cementtogether by exposing the fibers in thoroughly-separated condition to a cloud or shower of the pulverized cement the fibers become individually coated and charged with the particles of cement, and the mass may thereafter'be caused to cohere by moistening Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed January 5, 1906. Serial No. 294.724.

.COllGiLVG Patented Dec. 4, 1906.

A r 5 w /J i and sub'ecting to pressure, thus producing a materiai having marked characteristics peculiar to itself.

The process may be carried out b the use of various forms of apparatus an will be readil understood from the following descriptlon of the manner in which it is carried out with one particular type of apparatus in which the bringing of the dr materials together is effected by introducing the fiber by means of a blast into the presence of a falling shower of cement.

Referring to the drawings, Figure 1 represents in vertical sectional view, with parts in side elevation, the dry-mixing part of the apparatus. Fig. 2 shows in similar manner the moistening and molding apparatus, the pressing-roll mechanism being s own in side elevation and the parts shown in. Fig. 2 being complementary to those shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 3 1s a transverse sectional view taken on line 3 3 of Fig. 1 and looking downwardly. Fig. 4 is a view taken on line 4 4 of Fig. 1 and lookin in the direction of the arrows. Fig. 5 is a Tongitudinal vertical sectional view of the pressing-roll mechanism, taken online 5 5 of Fig. 6 and looking in the direction of the arrows. Fig. 6 is a transverse sectional view taken on line 6 6 of Fig. 5. Fig. 7 is an end elevation of the receptacle into which the material is dumped after being moistened. Fig. 8 is a transverse sectional view taken on line 8 8 of Fig. 2 and looking in the direction of the arrows. Fig. 9 is a side elevation of a retort in which the material is subjected to a hydrating treatment.

Referring to the drawings, 1 designates as a whole a suitable trunk-like casing comprising a vertical portion 2, an obliquely-inclined portion 3, constituting an inlet-spout, a Sifter-housing 4, formed as an upper extension of the mam casing, and a hopper 5, extending above and communicatim with the sifte -housing. Through a suitable opening in the side of the casingis arranged to extend a horizontally-disposed conveyer-belt 6, the upper lap of whic extends immediately below the Sifter-housing and the delivery end of which is located about in line with the central part of the vertical portion 2 of the casing. The conveyer-belt is mounted upon pulleys 7 and 8, respectively,- the latter being journaled upon trunnions extending through the sides of the casing and and beneath the s' insure that the fi the former suitably su ported outside of the casing and connecte with a belt pulley whereby the belt is driven. The a erture inside of the casing thro h which t e conveyer-belt extends is suita l sha ed to follow the external contour of t e be t and prevent escape of material, the upper and lower margins of said aperture bein curved to follow the concave contour of t e belt-laps, as indicated at and 11-.

12 designates a suitable support or table arranged contiguous to the room end of the spout-3 and over which the fiber 18 to be fed manually or otherwise to a pair of pickerrolls 13 and 13, conveniently journaled in the mouth of the spout and provided with pro s which intermesh and serve to thorou y shred and separate the fiber. These rol s are suitably driven to draw the material into the spout. Y

14 des' ates as a whole a blower, which may be 0 any suitable type, and from this blower,leads a blastipe 15., which has its' delivery end arrange to direct the blast between the picker-rolls 13 13. The blast of air blownin throu h the rolls carries the fiber onto the conveyer-belt er mechanism. 16 designates the sifter, which is so conwith it downwar structed as to form, in conjunction with/the casing within which itis mounted, a valve of the turnstile typethat is to say, the rotary member of the sifter comprises a central boxlike body 17, j ournaled to fit closel between the side walls of the hous' 4 an provided with a plurality of periphera vanes 18, which extend from side to' side of the casing and.

at their ends fit closely the cylindric upper side of the casing. A cylindric artition 19' partly closes the lower side of t e chamber within which the rota member it mounted, and from the lower e ge of this artition a sieve or screen 20 extends aroun to the o posite side of the casing, thus completin t e cylindric bottom of the chamber. The inletopening 5'-of the hop er 5 is of such width and so disposed that t e turnstile-valve will at all times keep it sealed against the escape of the blast or plenary pressure within t e casing and the Sifter-valve will be rotated at a controlled rate of speed, thereby operating as a measuring mechanism which determines the amount of .ulverized cement introduced.

The fiber bibwn in through the spout 3 meets the shower of falling cement, and the two materials are together carried over the conveyer-belt ahd dischar ed into the vertical part of the cas' fa ling in a shower h iiie la tter. In order to ers shall be thoroughly charged with the powdered cement, the vertical part of the trunk-like casing is provided with a vertically-disposed shaft 21, driven at a relatively high rate of speed and carrying a sedownwardly throug 65 ries of fliers, as 22,23, and 24, which thoroughly agitate the air and material in suspension. The uppermost flier-blades 22 are conveniently in t e form of horizontally-disposed spiral blades, while the lower fliers 23 and 24 may desirablybe of helical-spiral form, so as '70 provided with a beltulle outside of the casing. The lower en of t e vertical trunk discharges into a larger chamber or hopper 26, having downWardly-convergin sides 27 and a conveyer-screw 28, journaled to work in the apex or lowermost art of the hopper and operating to convey t e material to one end, at which point it is taken up by an elevating-conveyer 29. The elevating-conveyer is shown as consistin .of a vertical screw conveyer; the shaft of w 'ch extends at its u er end out throu h the casing and is prov1 ed with a belt-pufie The upper en of the conveyor 29 delivers into a hopper 31, the discharge-opening of which is controlled by a gate 32. Immediately below the hopper is arranged a revoluble mixer consisting of a hollow rce tacle 33, provided with trunnions at each si e and journaled to rotate on a horizontal axis in sup orts 34. A side portion of the recep-.

tac' e 33 is removably hinged to the main body, so as to form a door throu h which the charge may be admitted to t e receptacle. A beltep. ey 36 is attached to one of its trunnions, and through the other trunnion is arranged to extend axially a supplyipe 37, through which steam or water 1s a mitted during the rotation of the mixer.

' Below the'mixer is arranged another hopper 38, in the bottom of which are arranged all? desired number of conveyer-screws 39, w 1c h are operated to carry the mixture into a spout 40, communicating with one side of the hopper 38. In the present instance'two conveyor-screws are provided, and the crosssectional form of the spout is such as to fit closel around them, as shown clearly in Fig. 8. T e spout or nozzle 40 is shown in the present instance as terminating in a narrow slot-like discharge-opening 41, which delivers the material in the form of a fiat slab, and the conveyor-screws are geared together, as indicated at 42 and 43, and driven by means of a belt-pulley 44, so as to eject the mixture uniformly.

From th discharge-opening 41 the slab of material passes between a series of airs of pressing-rolls, as 45 45 46 46, The rolls are all connected by a train of gears, desi nated as a whole 51,) so as to be un' orm y driven together, one member of the train be ing driven by means of a belt-pulley 52.

the two shafts being 7 5 suitably geared toget er and the cross-shaft v 30, whereby it is actuated.

the machine, one of these re nal-boxes, as-53, the positions of which are controlled by hand-screws 54, whereby the rolls may be set up or retracted to impart any desired degree of pressure. In practice the rolls are set successivel. closer to each other from the receiving en toward the delivering end of the mechanism.

. In order to support and confine the slab of material during its passa e between the pressing-rolls, an endless be t is arranged to travel over the upper sides of the lower set of rolls, and a sheet of fabric 56 is in a somewhat similar manner fed to pass'beneath the lower set of rolls and between the latter and the upper side of-the-slab. The belt 55 is mounted on suitable supporting-rollers, as 57 and 58, mounted at the respective ends of is be? actuated by a suitable belt-pulley 59. T e web of fabric 56 is drawn from a suppl -roll 60',

mounted above the receiving end 0 the rolls\.

and wound upon a receiving-roll 61 at the opposite end of the machine, which is driven by a belt-pulley 62. At the point where the slab enters the roll mechanism guide-bars, as 63 and 64, are mounted to extend across above the web of 'fabric 56 and below the belt 55, respectively, thus forming an entrance-.

throat. At the delivery end of the machine a-somewhat similar pair of bars 65 and 66 are arran ed to act as strippers to strip the fabric an belt, respectively, from the surfaces of the slab.

The material as it is delivered from the pressing-rolls requires to be hydratedthat is to say, owing to the restricted amount of moisture which has been used in mixing and molding the material" its afiinity for water is not satisfied, audits strength and hard ness are increased by subsequent hydration. Owing to the hygroscopic character of the material such hydration will take place if the material is simply exposed to the atmosphere under ordinary tem eratures and conditions; but as\an improve step of com let 0 this hydration qulckly and thoroug y I su ject the molded and pressed material to the action of steam under'pressure. Accordingly I provide a suitable retorts uch, for example, asthat shown in Fi 9 and designated as a whole 67'wi thin which the material may be placed and subjected to the steam treatment. The retortshown consists simply of an ordinary c'ylindric vessel capable of withstanding comparatively high pressuresay two hundred-lpounds to the square inch-and provided wit a removable closure or head 68. In the bottom of the retort is a suitable longitudinally-extending track 69, upon which is arranged to roll a car 70, upon which the material is loaded. The retort is provided with-a'steam-inlet pipe 71 and discharge pipe 72. f

In carrying out the process by the use of the foregoing apparatus the dry pulverulent ment and fiber are, by weig t,

tially at the same time material is fed to the shredding-rolls and blown into the spout by means of a blower. The amount of cement sifted in is regulated to correspond approximately with the amount of fiber which is fed in, the object being to so roportion the amount of cement that it Wil be chiefly taken up or lodged upon the fibrous material. In practice find that the proper roportions of ceapproximately lIlQtV I a 'n-n l 0- ugh these roportions may be considerably varied Without defeating the successful carrying out of the process. The mixture delivered to the batch-mixer is there "charged with just suflicient moisture to in- .sure proper cohesion of the mass under the ing upon the character of the cement used and its condition. After the material passes from the rolls it is transferred to the retort and piledtherein in such manner that the steam may have access to all parts and is then subjected to the steam-pressure andv heat for a period varying from six to twelve hours. I prefer to emplo pressure of about two hundred pounds to the square inch and find that this effects the hydration of the material uickly and thoroughly. After hydrationt e material is ready for use, although it will'usujally be allowed to dry under atmospheric cgnditions.

. I claim as my invention '1. The improved process of making hydraulic-cement com ound which consists in first a itatin shre d nd substaniryan owdered hydraulic cement 'in the presence o each other until the individual fibers are sufficiently charged or coated with powder, to form when. moistened and;

moistening the mixture to a limited degree only by the admission of controlled quantities of steam or water and further a 'tation, then molding the material into a sohd of desired form.

3. The improved process of making hydraulic cement com ound which consists in first sifting measure quantities of fpowdered cement over measured quantities o shredded 4 I sewn fiber and agitating the two ingredients-until the fibers-have become-thoroughly charged with the dry owder, thenmoistening the mixture tea-limited degree only'by the ad mission of controlled quantities of steam or water andifurther'agitation, thensubjecting the mixture toa pug treatment, then forcing the mixture through a forming-nozzle and finally pressing the formed'material-into a solid-between pressing=rollers.

4. The. improved. process of making hydrauhc-cement compound which consists in first precipitating ashower of owdered cement and discharging into sai shower con? tinuously and. gradually, shredded. fiber,

maintaining the suspended cement andcfiber in-agitation untilithe fiber becomes ch ed and coated=with the powder, thencollectmgthe mixture and subjecting'it'to a moistenin step 'by admitting steamion water to a-liinite extent and agitat' the mass until evenl' moistened, then passing the material 'throug a'fo -nozzle under pressure, transferring iti-from t e nozzle to a:set Ofrolltand-pass' it successively throughia plurahty of pairs 0 rolls.

5. The im roved rocessof making h. s draulic-cemer it comp dund which consists hi first' precipitating-:a: shower of owdered cement and diseharging'into sai shower con+ tinuously andv gradually, shredded: fiber, maintaining. the suspended cement and 'fib'er in agitation until the fiber becomes charged and coated with-the powder, then collecting the mixture and subjectingit to a moistening step by admitting steam or water to alimite extent and agitat' the mass untilevenl moistened ,th'en passing the-materialthroug afo snozzle under pressure, transferring itifmm= e nozzle to a setof=rolls'and pass it successively throu h-a plurality of-pairs- 0 rolls, and finally hydrating the material by the'mixtm'e and subjecting -itto a moistenmg subjectingit to the action of atmosphere charged'with moisture.

6. The improved process ofmaking hydrauhc cement compound which consistsin first precipitating a'showe'r of owdered cement' andvdisc :into sai shower con tinuously and' gradually,. shredded. fiber, maintainingthe suspended cement andfiber in agitation until thefiber becomes chargedandcoated with'the'powder, then-collectlng the mixture andsubjecting it to a moiste step by admitting steam orwater to' a limit extent and agitating themass until evenl moistened, then ipassmg the material throng a for -nozzle under pressure, transferring it from t e-nozzleto a set. of'ro'lls and passi it successively throu h=a plurality of pairs 0 rolls, and finally hyd subjecting itto the actionof'steam'and pres- I sure in aclosed chamber-.1

rating the material: by

a forming-nozzle under pressure,transfernng 7 5 it' fro e-no zzle to a set of rolls and passin itv successively throu h-a plurality of pairs-o such rolls while confining-it between-flexible webs of material traveling: with themolded material.

HUBERH MLPERRY. Witnesses:

EMILIE ROSE, FBANK L.- BELKNAP. 

